> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://note.niefee.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://note.niefee.com/directory/npm.md).

# npm

* [npm](/directory/npm.md#npm)
  * [简介](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#简介)
    * [npm init](/directory/npm.md#npm-init)
    * [npm set](/directory/npm.md#npm-set)
    * [npm info](/directory/npm.md#npm-info)
    * [npm search](/directory/npm.md#npm-search)
    * [npm list](/directory/npm.md#npm-list)
    * [npm install](/directory/npm.md#npm-install)
    * [npm update npm uninstall](/directory/npm.md#npm-update-npm-uninstall)
    * [npm run](/directory/npm.md#npm-run)
    * [npm outdated](/directory/npm.md#npm-outdated)
    * [npm cache](/directory/npm.md#npm-cache)
  * [npm 代理配置](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#npm-代理配置)
    * [(1)通过 config 配置指向国内镜像源](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#1通过-config-配置指向国内镜像源)
    * [(2)通过 npm 命令指定下载源](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#2通过-npm-命令指定下载源)
    * [(3)在配置文件 \~/.npmrc 文件写入源地址](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#3在配置文件-~npmrc-文件写入源地址)
    * [全局安装新命令](https://note.niefee.com/directory/pages/-LjTb6egI2dPqrIMc4H2#全局安装新命令)

## npm

### 简介

`npm`是一个Node模块登记管理与管理系统。

### 常用命令：

把`npm`更新到最新版

```
$ npm install npm@latest -g
```

查看信息

```
# 查看 npm 命令列表
$ npm help

# 查看各个命令的简单用法
$ npm -l

# 查看 npm 的版本
$ npm -v

# 查看 npm 的配置
$ npm config list -l
```

#### npm init

`npm init`初始化`package.json`的配置，使用`-f`(代表force)，`-y`(代表也是yes)。

```
$ npm init -y
```

#### npm set

设置环境变量

```
$ npm set init-author-name 'Your name'
$ npm set init-author-email 'Your email'
$ npm set init-author-url 'http://yourdomain.com'
$ npm set init-license 'MIT'
```

执行`npm init`时填写的信息，保存在用户目录`~/.npmrc`文件中。

#### npm info

`npm info`命令可以查看每个模块的具体信息，返回javascript对象。

#### npm search

`npm search`命令用于搜索npm仓库，它后面可以跟字符串，也可以跟正则表达式。

#### npm list

`npm list`命令以树型结构列出当前项目安装的所有模块，以及它们依赖的模块。

```
$ npm list
```

使用`npm list --depth 0`可以将树形结构的深度显示为一层。

加上global参数，会列出全局安装的模块。

```
$ npm list -global
```

npm list命令也可以列出单个模块。

```
$ npm list underscore
```

#### npm install

有`-g`参数代表全局安装，本地安装的会会在本目录下安装。

支持从Github代码库地址安装

```
$ npm install git://github.com/package/path.git
$ npm install git://github.com/package/path.git#0.1.0
```

直接使用`npm install`会安装`package.json`里的配置文件。

指定安装版本：

```
$ npm install sax@latest
$ npm install sax@0.1.1
```

版本号含义：

```
`*`: 任意版本
`1.1.0`: 指定版本
`~1.1.0`: >=1.1.0 && < 1.2.0
`^1.1.0`: >=1.1.0 && < 2.0.0
```

> 版本号说明：<http://deadhorse.me/nodejs/2014/04/27/semver-in-nodejs.html>

添加安装信息：

* **–save**：模块名将被添加到dependencies，可以简化为参数-S。
* **–save-dev**: 模块名将被添加到devDependencies，可以简化为参数-D。
* **-save-optionsl**:安装包信息将加入到optionalDependencies（可选阶段的依赖）,简写-O。
* **-save-exact**:精确安装指定模块版本。

一旦安装了某个模块，就可以在代码中用**require**命令调用这个模块。

```
var backbone = require('backbone')
console.log(backbone.VERSION)
```

#### npm update npm uninstall

```
# 升级当前项目的指定模块
$ npm update [package name]


# 卸载已安装的模块。
$ npm uninstall [package name]
```

#### npm run

`npm run`命令可以可以运行`package.json`里的`script`脚本。

> <http://javascript.ruanyifeng.com/nodejs/npm.html>

#### npm outdated

`npm outdated`检查模块是否过期。

#### npm cache

`npm cache`管理模块的缓存

```
//查看缓存
npm cache ls [<path></path>]


//清理缓存
npm cache clean [<path></path>]</version></name></tarball></folder></tarball>
```

### npm 代理配置

#### (1)通过 config 配置指向国内镜像源

```
npm config set registry http://registry.cnpmjs.org //配置指向源
npm info express  //下载安装第三方包
```

#### (2)通过 npm 命令指定下载源

```
npm --registry http://registry.cnpmjs.org info express
```

#### (3)在配置文件 \~/.npmrc 文件写入源地址

```
nano ~/.npmrc   //打开配置文件
registry =https://registry.npm.taobao.org   //写入配置文件
```

> 推荐最后一种方法，前两个都是临时的。

#### 全局安装新命令

```
$ npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
```


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